關(guān)于商務(wù)英語(yǔ)書信的格式和稱謂差異
商務(wù)英語(yǔ)書信是指交易時(shí)所使用的通信。在美國(guó)，常用Business writing，它包括書信、電報(bào)、電話、電傳、報(bào)告書、明信片等。英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)在書信體例方面存在著一定的差異，比如信頭和稱呼、書信格式、遣詞、結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)等均有所不同。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了關(guān)于商務(wù)英語(yǔ)書信的格式和稱謂差異,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
關(guān)于商務(wù)英語(yǔ)書信的格式和稱謂差異
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，英國(guó)書信較為保守，許多英國(guó)人喜歡用老式書信體，用詞較為正式刻板，而美國(guó)書信語(yǔ)言非常生氣、有活力，格式也較為簡(jiǎn)便。因此當(dāng)我們寫信的對(duì)象是英國(guó)或其舊殖民地國(guó)家時(shí)，要使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式英語(yǔ)Queen's English;如果寫信的對(duì)象是美國(guó)或美國(guó)勢(shì)力范圍的地區(qū)時(shí)，就要用美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)然，英國(guó)式的語(yǔ)言文化近年來(lái)也有變化，但總體來(lái)說(shuō)，兩者間的差異是很明顯的。
商業(yè)英文書信，一般都要求用打字機(jī)或電腦整齊地打印，左邊各行開頭垂直的，稱為垂直式或齊頭式(Block style)，美國(guó)常用這種格式;每段的第一個(gè)詞縮進(jìn)去，稱為縮進(jìn)式或鋸齒式(indented style)，英國(guó)常用此格式。垂直式的職務(wù)及簽名都在左邊的邊欄界線，這種格式，在極度尊重工作效率的美國(guó)公司，已普遍采用。正式的商業(yè)英語(yǔ)書信要在稱呼的上方寫上收信公司名稱和地址或收信人的名字全稱、職務(wù)及地址，稱為信內(nèi)地址(Inside address)。信內(nèi)地址的寫法也有垂直式和縮進(jìn)式之分，垂直式和稱美國(guó)式將各行并列，縮進(jìn)式或稱英國(guó)式將各行依次退縮。
不過(guò)，近來(lái)英國(guó)商業(yè)書信信內(nèi)地址并未依次縮進(jìn)，似乎與美國(guó)式相同。此外，在美國(guó)還流行一種普通收信人地址的寫法，就是在書信的Inside Address中，把門牌號(hào)和街名都省略掉。在英文書信中要使用敬語(yǔ)，最普遍的敬語(yǔ)是Mr, Mrs和Miss(用于未婚女性)。英國(guó)人常在男性的姓名之后用Esq. (Esquire的縮寫)，不過(guò)在商業(yè)上也在慢慢地改用Mr. Mmes. (Madam的復(fù)數(shù)形式)，用于二個(gè)女士以上。Messrs(Mr的復(fù)數(shù)形式)用于二個(gè)以上的男人，或用于二個(gè)以上的男人組成的公司或團(tuán)體。
在英國(guó)式英文信里，Mr，Mrs，Messrs，均不加縮寫句點(diǎn)，相反地趨向于進(jìn)步自由的美語(yǔ)反而加縮寫句點(diǎn)如Mr.，Mrs.，Messrs.。在稱呼方面，商業(yè)上最普遍的有Gentlemen(美國(guó)式)與Dear Sirs(英國(guó)式)二種，相當(dāng)于我國(guó)的“敬啟者”或“謹(jǐn)啟者”。如果信是寫給革個(gè)公司單位的，不是寫給某個(gè)具體人的，美語(yǔ)用Gentlemen(復(fù)數(shù)形式)，英語(yǔ)用Dear Sirs。如果對(duì)方公司只一人時(shí)，必須使用Sir/Dear Sir。稱呼后一般要使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，英國(guó)式采用逗號(hào)(comma)，美國(guó)式用分號(hào)(colon)。書信結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)(complimentary1 close)有多種，相當(dāng)于我國(guó)書信在結(jié)尾時(shí)使用的“敬禮”、“致敬”、“順安”等句。最為典型的美國(guó)式寫法是Sincerely和Best regards，典型的英國(guó)式表達(dá)有Yours sincerely(熟人或知道對(duì)方姓名)，Best wishes, kind regards 和yours faithfully(不知姓名)。此外，英國(guó)式的客套語(yǔ)還有特別禮貌的格式，但除了特殊情況外，現(xiàn)在不再使用。
擴(kuò)展：銷售人員常用電話用語(yǔ)
Using the Telephone
Making telephone calls is an important part a secretary''s work. When Mr Shelli wants to speak to someone on the telephone, Maria gets the call for him. Today Mr Shelli wants to talk to. Mr Kola of the National Bank. Here he is asking Maria to get the call for him.
MR SHELLI: I''d like to speak to Mr Kola of the National Bank, would you get him on the phone,please?
MARIA: Certainly, I''ll do it at once, Mr Shelli. (TO HERSELF) Now what''s Mr Kola''s number? Ah,here it is ... five, three, zero,double six. (LIFTS PHONE)
ROSE: Switchboard, can I help you?
MARIA: Good morning, Rose. Maria here.Could I have an outside line,please?
Good morning, Rose. Maria here.Could I have an outside line,please?
ROSE: Oh, hello, Maria. Hold the line a moment.
(DIALLING)There you are, you''ve an outside line now, you can hear the dialling tone1.
MARIA: Thank you. (TO HERSELF) Five, three, zero, six, six.
(RINGING)
Thank you. (TO HERSELF) Five, three, zero, six, six.
(RINGING)
2ND OPERATOR2: National Bank.Good morning,can I help you?
MARIA: Good morning, would you put me through to Mr Kola please?
Good morning, would you put me through to Mr Kola please?
2ND OPERATOR: MR Kola? Certainly. Who''s calling him?
MARIA:Mr Shelli of Modern Office Limited would like to speak to him.
2ND OPERATOR: Thank you. Hold the line, please.
(PHONE)
MR KOLA: Kola speaking.
2ND OPERATOR: Good morning, Mr Kola. I have a call for you from Mr Shelli of Modern Office Limited.
MR KOLA: Thank you, Operator, put him through, please.
MARIA: Mr Kola?
Mr Kola?
MR KOLA: Kola speaking.
MARIA:Oh, good morning, Mr Kola. Mr Shelli is calling you. Would you hold the line a moment please. I''ll hand you over. Mr Shelli?
MR SHELLI: Yes?
Yes?
MARIA: Mr Kola''s on the line now, Mr Shelli. Will you take it in here please?
Mr Kola''s on the line now, Mr Shelli. Will you take it in here please?
MR SHELLI:Thank you Maria. Hello, is that Mr Kola?
MR KOLA: Good morning, Mr Shelli.
MR SHELLI: Ah, good morning, Mr Kola, how are you?
Ah, good morning, Mr Kola, how are you?
MR KOLA: Fine, thanks, and you?
MR SHELLI: Very well, thank you.
Very well, thank you.
MR KOLA: I''m glad to hear it. Well, what can I do for you, Mr Shelli?
MR SHELLI: Well, I''m going to Europe next week and I''d like some travellers3 cheques. 7,000 dollars say…
Well, I''m going to Europe next week and I''d like some travellers cheques. 7,000 dollars say…
MR KOLA: 7,000 dollars. Yes certainly I can fix that for you. So you''re going to Europe, are you?
注釋：
☆switchboard 交換機(jī)、總機(jī)
☆an outside line 外線
☆dialling tone 電話的撥號(hào)音
☆travellers''cheques 旅行支票
☆to fix 辦理、解決
☆to book a call 預(yù)約電話
☆international operator 國(guó)際電話話務(wù)員
☆a personal call 受話人直接通話的電話
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關(guān)于商務(wù)英語(yǔ)書信的格式和稱謂差異
