Organization of Incoterms

　　Incoterms are grouped into four categories:

　　1. The “E” term (EXW) – The only term where the seller/exporter makes the goods available at his or her own premises7 to the buyer/importer.

　　2. The “F” terms (FCA, FAS, and FOB) – Terms where the seller/ exporter is responsible to deliver the goods to a carrier named by the buyer.

　　3. The “C” terms (CFR, CIF, CPT and CIP) – Terms where the seller/exporter/manufacturer is responsible for contracting and paying for carriage of the goods, but not responsible for additional costs or risk of loss or damages to the goods once they have been shipped. C terms evidence “shipment” (as opposed to “arrival”) contracts.

　　4. The “D” terms (DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP) – Terms whrer the seller/exporter/manufacturer is responsible for all costs and risks associated with bringing the goods to the place of destination. D terms evidence “arrival” contracts.

　　國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則分為四大類型：

　　1. E組術(shù)語(EXW)— 唯一的賣方/出口商在其場所將貨物交付買方/進(jìn)口商的術(shù)語。

　　2. F組術(shù)語(FCA、FAS、和 FOB)—賣方/出口商負(fù)責(zé)將貨物交付買方指定承運(yùn)人的術(shù)語。

　　3. C組術(shù)語(CFR、CIF、CPT和 CIP)—賣方/出口商/制造商負(fù)責(zé)訂立運(yùn)輸合同并支付運(yùn)費(fèi)，但不負(fù)責(zé)裝船后的額外費(fèi)用、損失風(fēng)險和貨物損壞。C組術(shù)語用于表明“裝運(yùn)”(而不是“到達(dá)”)合同。

　　4. D組術(shù)語(DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU、和DDP)—賣方/出口商/制造商負(fù)責(zé)將貨物運(yùn)抵目的地的所有費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險。C組術(shù)語用于表明“到達(dá)”合同。

　　Mode of transport

　　Not all Incoterms are appropriate for all modes of transport. Some terms were designed with sea vessels8 in mind while others were designed to be applicable to all modes. The following table set out which terms appropriate for each mode of transport.

　　運(yùn)輸方式

　　不是所有的國際貿(mào)易屬于都適合所有的運(yùn)輸方式。某些術(shù)語在設(shè)計時就是準(zhǔn)備用于海輪運(yùn)輸，而有些術(shù)語設(shè)計時是準(zhǔn)備用于所有運(yùn)輸方式。下表列出了每種運(yùn)輸方式適用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語[略]。

　　Helpful Definitions

　　Pre-carriage – The initial transport of goods from the seller‘s premises to the mail port of shipment. Usually by truck, rail or on inland waterways.

　　前程運(yùn)輸 — 從賣方地點(diǎn)到主裝運(yùn)港的最初運(yùn)輸。通常通過卡車、鐵路或內(nèi)河水路進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸。

　　Main carriage – The primary transport of goods, generally for the longest part of the journey and generally from on country to another. Usually by sea vessel9 or by airplane, but can be by truck or rail as well.

　　主運(yùn)輸 — 主要的貨物運(yùn)輸，通常航程最長，而且通常是從一個國家到另一個國家。一般通過海輪或飛機(jī)進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸，也可以通過卡車或鐵路進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸。

　　On-carriage – Transport from the port of arrival in the country of destination to the buyer‘s premises. Usually by truck, rail or inland waterways.

　　轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸 — 從目的國的到達(dá)港到賣方地點(diǎn)的運(yùn)輸。通常通過卡車、鐵路或內(nèi)河水路進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸。

　　Notes on Incoterms