英語(yǔ)否定的幾種表示方法
英語(yǔ)中的部分否定(即不完全否定),接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)否定的幾種表示方法,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語(yǔ)否定的幾種表示方法
一、 all 的否定式：not all…(或：all…not)表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如：
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能當(dāng)頭頭。
Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都會(huì)長(zhǎng)得很高。
二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "并非兩個(gè)……都……" 例如：
I don't want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。
Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子并不都開(kāi)著。
三、 every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如：
Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本書都有教育意義的。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜歡這本書。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花并不是隨處可見(jiàn)的。
四、 always的否定式："并非總是(并非一直)……" 例如：
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都這樣悲傷。
五、 entirely1, altogether, completely2 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……" 例如：
The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。
He felt not altogether satisfied3. 他并不完全滿意。
I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。
What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥當(dāng)。
六、 all the time 的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如：
A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯錯(cuò)誤。
七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如：
He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他講得清楚但不正確。
This film is not interesting and instructive. 這部電影有趣但無(wú)教育意義。
She cannot sing and dance. 她會(huì)唱歌但不會(huì)跳舞。
如果將and 換成or，not 對(duì)其后面的兩部分就全盤否定了。
He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他講的既不清楚也不正確。
如要對(duì)上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等詞作完全否定，那就分別要用與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的全否定詞，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如：
All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.
Both are good.---Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.
He is always late. --- He is never late.
We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.
He was here all the time. --- He was never here.
擴(kuò)展：英語(yǔ)的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，學(xué)生常將這樣的句子 "我認(rèn)為這不是個(gè)好主意." 譯為"I think it isn't a good idea." 而將這句英語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，學(xué)生又會(huì)譯為 "我不認(rèn)為這是個(gè)好主意." 老師又會(huì)說(shuō)譯錯(cuò)了，這不符合 "I don't think..." 句型，應(yīng)譯為 "l don't think it's a good idea."
那么，這錯(cuò)誤的根源究竟在哪里?這就是“英語(yǔ)的否定轉(zhuǎn)移”在作怪。否定轉(zhuǎn)移在非正式語(yǔ)體中特別常見(jiàn)，它是將語(yǔ)義上屬于從屬分句(一般為that clause1)的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到母句中去。允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的母句動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)義上可分為以下兩組：
1.看法(OPINION)：anticipate，be supposed to，believe，calculate， expect，figure (infml，AmE),imagine, reckon2 (infml，esp, in AmE)，suppose，think:
Eg. I don't believe I've met you before.
("I believe I haven't met you before.")
Eg. She didn't imagine that we would say anything.
("She imagined we wouldn't say anything.")
Eg. He didn't expect to win.
("He expected not to win.")
2.感覺(jué)(PERCEPTION) appear，seem，feel as if，look as if，sound as if (后三個(gè)動(dòng)詞也作infml，esp， in AmE，其中用like來(lái)代替as if)：
Eg. It doesn't seem that we canget our money back.
"It seems that we can't get our money back."
Eg. The baby doesn't appear to be awake.
("The baby appears not to be awake.")
Eg. It doesn't look like it's going to rain.
("It looks like it isn't going to rain.")
否定的轉(zhuǎn)移是一種含糊的現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于否定詞位置不同的兩個(gè)句子，意思是否相同，或者在多大程度上相同的問(wèn)題，各人的直覺(jué)可能是不同的。但在以下特殊情況下，原來(lái)允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞不能將否定轉(zhuǎn)移：
1.I think是插入句，可看作與其他部分無(wú)關(guān)：
I wish you were here，then I think I should not feel like this.
2.母句中添加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can't mustn't wouldn't時(shí)：
I can't believe that they are married.
You mustn't think he's stupid.
I wouldn't have imagined that Sandra would be here.
3.由于cannot help doing，ought not，need not，not at all等短語(yǔ)的關(guān)系而把I think隔離。
I should have thought sometimes you couldn't help thinking of the past.
I think you ought not to walk at night alone，Mrs. Moore.
I think you need not be impolite3 to her，as well as to her son.
"I think the angel4 are not at all in heaven." Mr.Esmond said."
4. 由于not just... but， just not... enough，not much, not quite等以not為核心的副詞短語(yǔ)的影響，也不便把否定拿到動(dòng)詞的前面去：
I think I'm just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.
"You think she's not much like you? Brerald asked.
But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.
句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等的不定詞時(shí)：
I should think you never have seen many.
I thought it explained nothing.
相關(guān)文章：
1.中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題詳解六:動(dòng)詞
3.中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn):句子結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)否定的幾種表示方法
