大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫(xiě)作技巧剖析
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫(xiě)作技巧剖析
今天小編想和大家一起來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)關(guān)于大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)的作文,我們都知道在當(dāng)下幾乎所有英語(yǔ)考試中都有寫(xiě)作的身影,考生能否將所學(xué)的知識(shí)恰當(dāng)輸出、靈活應(yīng)用就成為了得分的關(guān)鍵。
要想輕松應(yīng)對(duì)四六級(jí)作文考題,考生還應(yīng)該熟悉四六級(jí)題型,并有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行考前復(fù)習(xí)和練習(xí)。
四級(jí)作文??碱?lèi)型包括三種:看圖寫(xiě)話作文、說(shuō)明介紹作文和引語(yǔ)格言作文。
其中看圖寫(xiě)話類(lèi)型的寫(xiě)作近年來(lái)考察頗為頻繁,近三年考試中多達(dá)9篇,無(wú)疑應(yīng)該是大家復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。
不過(guò),寫(xiě)作題型靈活多變,偶爾打破常規(guī),出現(xiàn)“反押題”傾向,正如2016年6月考查了書(shū)信的寫(xiě)作,這時(shí),對(duì)應(yīng)用類(lèi)作文準(zhǔn)備不夠充分的考生就容易亂了陣腳,因此,考前練習(xí)多種題材和體裁的寫(xiě)作才是迎戰(zhàn)變化的有效途徑。
一.應(yīng)用文體知多少
應(yīng)用文在人類(lèi)長(zhǎng)期社會(huì)實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生,用以傳遞信息、處理事務(wù)、抒發(fā)情感等。隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)步,人們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活中交往越發(fā)頻繁,應(yīng)用文的用武之地亦越來(lái)越多。應(yīng)用文著眼于實(shí)際,具備實(shí)用、真實(shí)、有針對(duì)性、時(shí)效性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),并形成了慣用格式。
四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作中容易涉及的應(yīng)用文包括:建議信、倡議書(shū)、感謝信、求職信、演說(shuō)辭、介紹語(yǔ)等。應(yīng)用文雖然可能是很多考生平時(shí)練習(xí)較少的一種文體,但由于寫(xiě)作方法大同小異,而且應(yīng)用文目的性明確,易審題,所以偏題的可能性相對(duì)較低。
二.英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文基本結(jié)構(gòu)和格式
1.稱(chēng)呼:左上角,頂格寫(xiě),稱(chēng)呼前可以加上“尊敬的、親愛(ài)的”等修飾限定語(yǔ),稱(chēng)呼后使用逗號(hào),該部分表明信息傳達(dá)的受眾或?qū)ο?,如Dear Li Hua (親愛(ài)的李華),Dear President (敬愛(ài)的主席),To whom it may concern (致有關(guān)人士),Ladies and gentlemen (女士們先生們)。
2.日期:中文應(yīng)用文的日期常位于文章右下角,英文卻在右上角,一般寫(xiě)作June 15,2016 (2016年6月15日),常見(jiàn)于通知、日記、信函、邀約中,介紹語(yǔ)、競(jìng)選稿等可不必加時(shí)間。
3.正文:應(yīng)用文的主體部分,位于文章正中,可參照考試作文三段式寫(xiě)法,即引入(introduction)-分析(analysis)-總結(jié)(conclusion):
第一段引入:交代寫(xiě)作目的或簡(jiǎn)介基本信息,直陳為何事心懷感激、備感榮幸、深表歉意等。正文開(kāi)頭可加入寒暄語(yǔ),如好久不見(jiàn)(long time no see)或最近過(guò)得怎么樣(how are you recently)。
第二段分析:詳細(xì)分析和舉例描述。第二段是對(duì)第一段在內(nèi)容上的拓展和延伸??忌鷳?yīng)該掌握兩種基本句型——分析句和例證句,分析句表明觀點(diǎn),說(shuō)明人或事物的因果、利弊、意義或重要性;例證句則用例子詳細(xì)闡釋觀點(diǎn)以避免空洞表意,應(yīng)用文中的例子一般需要緊貼現(xiàn)實(shí),或者用個(gè)人經(jīng)歷現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法,或者用熟人經(jīng)歷側(cè)面表達(dá)感受。
第三段總結(jié):總結(jié)文章,提出措施或愿景??偨Y(jié)全文時(shí)再一次表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)或感受,為避免句子重復(fù),可以考慮同義詞替換或句式變換,如表達(dá)“喜悅之情”,第一次用happy,第二次就用delighted,表達(dá)“重要性”,第一次用something is greatly important,第二次就用something is of great importance,還可以考慮強(qiáng)調(diào)句。最后針對(duì)問(wèn)題提出措施或者發(fā)表美好愿景即可。
4.署名:右下角,第一行可寫(xiě)禮貌用語(yǔ)如Sincerely yours,Truly yours等,結(jié)尾打逗號(hào),第二行寫(xiě)作者姓名或者單位組織如Xiao Ming (小明), the Students’ Union (學(xué)生會(huì))。
掃描下方二維碼 免費(fèi)領(lǐng)取四六級(jí)資料包
三.四級(jí)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作真題分析
2016年6月四級(jí)寫(xiě)作真題:給老師的感謝信
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
參考作文:
June 16, 2016 (日期)
Dear Mrs. Smith, (稱(chēng)呼,明確寫(xiě)信對(duì)象)
It has been a while since graduation, and words cannot express how much I’ll miss you. (寒暄問(wèn)候,禮貌開(kāi)頭) I am writing this letter to express my thanks for your generous help at the start of my college life and to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. (直接交代寫(xiě)信目的、感謝對(duì)象及基本原因)
My innermost appreciation mainly lies in two respects. (過(guò)渡句,承上啟下) First, you were so warm-hearted to care for the freshmen after we entered college. (原因分析一) No better example can be found than the help you offered to me. In order to help me quickly get accustomed to college life, you showed me around the campus and introduced me to a great many new friends. (例證闡釋一) In addition, your sense of humor made every class both entertaining and educational, (原因分析二) which aroused my strong curiosity in chemistry and exerted a heavy influence on my desire to study. (例證闡釋二)
It was your warmth, kindness and thoughtfulness that drove away my fear of the unfamiliarity of college life. (總結(jié)全文,再次表達(dá)感謝,運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句以突出主題) I will regard you, Mrs. Smith, as the best teacher of my college years and the guide of my future career. (提出愿景和希冀)
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua (署名)
四.寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
寫(xiě)作中的基本錯(cuò)誤如同洪水猛獸,好多考生寫(xiě)了很多年、錯(cuò)了很多年。以下是應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤,平時(shí)需多加留心。
1.動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)
誤:I am very sorry to tell you that my brother have to decline your job offer. (拒絕信)
正:I am very sorry to tell you that my brother has to decline your job offer.
2.單詞拼寫(xiě)
誤:Anyway, I do apreciate your kindness of discussing the details of the position with me. (感謝信)
正:Anyway, I do appreciate your kindness of discussing the details of the position with me.
3.主謂一致
誤:The reasons why I’m making a complaint about the canteen service is as follows. (投訴信)
正:The reasons why I’m making a complaint about the canteen service are as follows.
4.詞組搭配
誤:I am looking forward to see you soon in my hometown. (介紹家鄉(xiāng))
正:I am looking forward to seeing you soon in my hometown.
5.時(shí)態(tài)混亂
誤:It is high time for you to extend a helping hand to this little girl who is struck by cancer last month. (倡議書(shū))
正:It is high time for you to extend a helping hand to this little girl who was struck by cancer last month.
完成應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作的30分鐘內(nèi),希望考生留出3-5分鐘進(jìn)行檢查,做法是通讀寫(xiě)作全文,在心里默默翻譯一遍,逐字逐句尋找錯(cuò)誤并改正。改正時(shí)切勿涂黑影響卷面,只需將錯(cuò)誤的部分劃掉即可。此外,還應(yīng)該注意應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范和美觀,英文字母宜清楚整齊,字母的大小和間距要?jiǎng)蚍Q(chēng)。
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