初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
學(xué)想要好英語(yǔ),最主要就是學(xué)好語(yǔ)法,那么初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享給大家的初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望大家喜歡!
初二英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
定義:用一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的賓語(yǔ)從句有以下三種。
1.由that引導(dǎo),由于that沒(méi)有任何意義,也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文體中可以省略。這類賓語(yǔ)從句通常表達(dá)一種陳述意義。
e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.
Tom says (that) he must study hard.
She told me (that) she was a student.
(1)如果由and連接兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第二個(gè)that則不能省略。
e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.
(2)常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
2.由連接代詞或連接副詞who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引導(dǎo),含有“誰(shuí)、什么、哪個(gè)、什么時(shí)候、什么地方、怎樣、為什么”等特殊疑問(wèn)意義。
e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?
Can you tell me what they’re looking for?
I don’t know where she has gone.
I wonder how she can find us.
She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.
3.由從屬連詞whether和if引導(dǎo),含有“是否,能否,對(duì)否,有否”等一般疑問(wèn)意義。
e.g.She asked me if I could help her.
Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.
Please tell me whether you can come or not.
在這類賓語(yǔ)從句中要注意兩點(diǎn):
(1)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“是否”,從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就應(yīng)用什么時(shí)態(tài)。
if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“假如”,從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.
I don’t know if the letter is yours.
They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.
I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.
(2)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)多數(shù)情況下可以與whether互換,但如果要突出“究竟是……還是不……”這層意思時(shí),通常用whether,并在后面的加上“or not”,即一般要選擇whether構(gòu)成whether…or not的結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I want to know whether you can help me or not.
注意:
1.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題
以上介紹了三種賓語(yǔ)從句,同學(xué)們一定要注意,在疑問(wèn)詞或if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,一定要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
e.g.She asked how old I was.
We don’t know where her office is.
My teacher wanted to know if I like English.
2.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
一般情況下賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致:
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受時(shí)態(tài)限制。
e.g.She says that she is a student.
She says that she was a student two years ago.
She says that she will be a college student soon.
She says that she has been a college student for 3 years.
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。
e.g.He told me that he would leave soon.
He said that he was watching TV.
He didn’t tell me whether he had finished this homework.
但如果賓語(yǔ)從句中講述的客觀事實(shí)、一般真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí),則不受它限制。
e.g.My teacher told us that Yangtze River is the longest river in our country.
Father said (that) the sun always rises in the east.
初二英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
狀語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)修飾主句或主句的謂語(yǔ)。一般可分為九大類,分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多,但由于狀語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)?,F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:
1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, whenever
e.g.Don’t come in until you are called.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
I called my mother as soon as I reached Shanghai.
I have been an English teacher since I came to the school.
2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:where, wherever
e.g.Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:because, since, as, for
e.g.I didn’t go surfing because it was too cold.
As the car was expensive, we didn’t buy it.
Since he was busy, he didn’t come.
4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, in order that
e.g.You should talk to him so that/in order that you can say you are sorry.
5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:so…that, such…that
e.g.He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:if, unless, as long as
e.g.We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
注意:在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來(lái)時(shí)間。
e.g.—When will Lisa come back?
—Sorry I don’t know. When she comes back, I will call you.
If you go to the party, you’ll have a good time.
Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.
7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:though, although, even if, even though
e.g.Although the traffic was heavy, we got to the railway station on time.
Even though he is 80, he still looks strong and healthy.
8、比較狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:as(同級(jí)比較), than(兩者之間不同程度的比較)
e.g.She is as hard-working as her Lucy.
John swims better than Jim (does).
9.方式狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:as, as if
e.g.When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一.動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。
二.this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說(shuō)話人近的人或物用this, 距離說(shuō)話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處)
That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)
(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說(shuō)this, 后說(shuō)that。如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說(shuō)This is…, 不說(shuō)That is…。如:
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。
(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如:
This is a bike. That’s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this, 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方用that。如:
—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是誰(shuí)?
注意:雖然漢語(yǔ)中使用“我”和“你”,但英語(yǔ)中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說(shuō):I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。如:
?、?mdash;Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?
—Yes, it is. 是的,它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么?
—It’s a kite. 是只風(fēng)箏。
三.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
?、赥hese pictures are good. 那些畫很好。
?、?Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎?
在回答主語(yǔ)是these或those的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如:
④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?
Yes, they are. 是的,他們是。
四.不定冠詞a和an
a和an都是不定冠詞,表示一(個(gè),支,本,塊……)的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別,用來(lái)限定名詞。a用在輔音素開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)名詞前,如:a pencil(一支鉛筆),a book(一本書);an用在元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前,如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ),用a還是用an,則以該修飾語(yǔ)的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如:
a clock 一座鐘 an old clock 一座舊鐘 a book 一本書 an English book 一本英語(yǔ)書
a nice apple 一個(gè)可愛(ài)的蘋果 an apple 一個(gè)蘋果
五.名詞+’s所有格
名詞+’s所有格
單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ ’s ”
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽
以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“’”
Teachers’ Day教師節(jié) the twins’ books雙胞胎的書
不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“ ’s ”
Children’s Day 兒童節(jié) men’s shoes男式鞋
表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s
表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)
六.There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義;主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞, be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結(jié)構(gòu):
There be放句首,主語(yǔ)跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如:
There is a book on the desk.
有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可把介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首。如:
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:
Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:
①There is a tree behind the house.
?、赥here is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
?、跿here are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說(shuō),“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來(lái)確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:
?、賂here is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
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