必修五英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

　　語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)考試中的重中之重，所占分值也多。提高英語(yǔ)能力的方法是多讀多練多積累。小編在這里整理了必修五英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法供大家閱讀，希望能幫助到您。

　　一、過(guò)去分詞(用法：表被動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成)

　　1. 作定語(yǔ)(前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ))

　　Don’t swim in the polluted river. (“受/被污染的河流“, polluted 作前置定 語(yǔ)) Theboy punished by the maths teacher isPeter. (“被數(shù)學(xué)老師處罰的”，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在被修飾的名詞后面，所以punished by themaths teacher 作后置定語(yǔ)。)

　　= The boy (who was ) punished by the maths teacher is Peter.經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)為定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)理解比較現(xiàn)在分詞(用法：表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)：

　　The sleepingboy is ill as he caught a cold. ( “正在睡覺(jué)的男孩”，sleeping作前置定語(yǔ))。

　　The student standing at the door is my friend.(“正站在門口的那個(gè)學(xué)生”，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也一樣要放在要放在被修飾的名詞后面，所以standingat the door 作后置定語(yǔ)。)

　　= The student (who is ) standing at the door ismy friend. 經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)為定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)理解比較不定式(用法：表主動(dòng)，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)：

　　I have a lot of things to do. (“要做”，不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在被修飾的名詞后面，所以to do作后置定語(yǔ)。)

　　I have a meeting to attend. ( “要開(kāi)“ )

　　2.表語(yǔ)(用法：過(guò)去分詞放在連系動(dòng)詞后面)

　　I wasastonished to learn that his long lost child had been found. (astonished放在be后面,”吃驚的”)

　　When we heardof this, we were deeply moved. (moved放在be后面,中間可以用副詞修飾，”深受感動(dòng)的”)。

　　He got worried about losing the money.(worried 放在連系動(dòng)詞get 的后面)

　　The people seemed terribly shockedafter the earthquake. ( shocked 放在連系動(dòng)詞seemed 后面)

　　常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be( am, is, are/was, were);“似乎類”：seem, appear, look;“感覺(jué)類”：feel,sound, smell, taste;“變成類”：become, go,get, grow, fall, turn;“保持類”：remain, stay,keep。

　　3.賓補(bǔ)(用法：過(guò)去分詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面，說(shuō)明或補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)的情況，“怎么樣”)

　　I have/get/leave/keep my hair cut once a month.

　　(每個(gè)月我讓我的頭發(fā)被剪/我讓別人剪頭發(fā))

　　We should have/get/leave/keep such an important thing finished earlier.

　　(讓….被完成 )

　　He spoke aloud so that he could make himself heard.

　　He explained again so that he could make himself understood.

　　I saw/observed/noticed/watchedan old man knocked down by a bike.

　　I heardthe song sung by my sister.

　　He felt himself cheated bythe young man.

　　I found the door locked when I got to the office.

　　Withmy homework finished , I stoppedto have a rest as I was tired.

　　總結(jié)：過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)經(jīng)常放在使役動(dòng)詞所帶的賓語(yǔ)后面，它們是have/get/

　　leave/keep/make “讓、使” ，還有放在感官動(dòng)詞所帶的賓語(yǔ)后面，它們是see/observe/notice/watch/feel/find還有放在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即with 所帶的賓語(yǔ)后面。(表被動(dòng))

　　4.狀語(yǔ)(用法：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，經(jīng)常可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)理解

　　(1)(When it is )Seen from the hill Gaozhou city looks very beautiful.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

　　(2) ( If we are ) Comparedwith you, we still have a long way to go. (條件狀語(yǔ))

　　(3)(Because he was) Greatly touchedby his teacher’s words, the boy worked harder than before.(原因狀語(yǔ))

　　(4)(Though she was ) Laughed at by the other students, she stilltried to answer the question (讓步狀語(yǔ))

　　(5)The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of hisstudents. (伴隨狀語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)并列句來(lái)理解)

　　= The teacher entered the classroom (and he was) followed by a group of his students.

　　二、特殊句型：倒裝句

　　1.部分倒裝

　　A.否定詞位于句首

　　常見(jiàn)的有：never, seldom(極少), little, few， not until(直到…才), hardly(幾乎不), scarcely(幾乎不), barely(幾乎沒(méi)有), at no time(決不), by nomeans(決不)，no longer, nowhere, not only….( but also),hardly…..when(一…..就), no sooner….than(一…..就)等。

　　①I shall never forgive him.

　　---------Never shall I forgivehim.

　?、赟he hardly has time to listen to music.

　　--------Hardly does shehave time to listen to music.

　　③We seldom go skating.

　　--------Seldom do we go skating.

　?、?I did not go to bed until my father came back.

　　------No until my father came back did Igo to bed.

　　-------It was not until my father came back thatI went to bed. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　⑤The city wasnot only polluted but also the streets were crowded.

　　Not only was the city polluted but (also) the streets were crowded.

　　⑥I hadhardly/no sooner got home when/than I turned on the Tv at once.

　　Hardly had I got home when I turned on the Tv at once.

　　No sooner had I got home than I turned on the Tv at once.

　　我(當(dāng)時(shí))一到家，就立即開(kāi)電視看。(注意時(shí)態(tài)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)倒裝)

　　B. Only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首

　　① He realized he was wrong only then/at that time.

　　------Only then/atthat time did he realize he was wrong. (only +時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

　?、赮ou can learn English well only in this way.

　　------Onlyin this way can you learn English well. (only+方式狀語(yǔ)/介詞短語(yǔ))

　　③He knew what had happened only when he returned home.

　　-------Onlywhen he returned home did he know whathad happened. (only+狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　C. so/such…that句型，so或such部分位于句首

　?、賂he exam was so difficult that more than a half of the students failed.

　　----- Sodifficult was the exam thatmore than a half of the students failed.

　　② He was such a heavy person that nobody could lift him.

　　------Such a heavy person was he thatnobody could lift him.

　　D.so, neither/nor +助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ) (表示“也”、“也不”)

　　You are youngand so am I. She likesmusic and so do I.

　　If you go there, so will I.

　　You aren’t young and neither/nor am I.

　　Shehasn’t read it and neither/nor have I.

　　2.完全倒裝

　　A.地點(diǎn)副詞(here, there)和方位副詞(up, down, in, out, away,off, over 等)放在句首 (注意：主語(yǔ)若是代詞，則不倒裝)

　　There is abook on the desk.

　　Long long ago, there was/lived a king.

　　Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來(lái)了。

　　There goes the last train.最后一班火車開(kāi)走了。

　　Down jumped the thief from theroof.

　　In camethe teacher.

　　Out herushed , with a stick in his hand. (不倒裝)

　　Here I am. 我在這兒。/ 我來(lái)了。Here it comes. 它來(lái)了。 (不倒裝)

　　B.表語(yǔ)位于句首

　　His friend Jim was among the people.

　　--Amongthese people was hisfriend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人中。

　　C.狀語(yǔ)位于句首

　　A young manwith a magazine in his hand sat by the window.

　　----Bythe window sat a youngman with a magazine in his hand.窗戶邊坐著一個(gè)年輕人，手里拿著一本雜志。

　　說(shuō)明：省略句不是高考語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)，故略去，還是多說(shuō)兩句!

　　簡(jiǎn)單句省略：省主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(部分)、賓語(yǔ)、不定式to后面的重復(fù)部分省略。(to 后be動(dòng)詞和完成時(shí)態(tài)have往往不省掉);

　　并列句省略：省略and/but/or后面的重復(fù)部分;

　　復(fù)合句省略：

　　賓語(yǔ)從句(第一句that可省;第二句賓從不省);

　　定語(yǔ)從句(關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)可省，但在介詞后不省);

　　狀語(yǔ)從句 (經(jīng)常省掉引導(dǎo)詞，主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞做狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá));

　　本次整理就到這里啦，祝大家在考試中能金榜題名!