高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
高三學(xué)生很快就會(huì)面臨繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)或事業(yè)的選擇。面對(duì)重要的人生選擇，是否考慮清楚了?這對(duì)于沒(méi)有社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)疑是個(gè)困難的想選擇。那么接下來(lái)給大家分享一些關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句
1.wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致，用主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：
I wi。hIwere you.
與過(guò)去愿望不一致，用主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States與將來(lái)愿望不一致，用主語(yǔ)+would (could)+原形。
2.It's time句型：當(dāng)lt's tine后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為主i吾+should+動(dòng)詞原形或主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：It，s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL
3- If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”。
(l)If only he could come.他要能來(lái)就好了。
(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。
4.WOuld rather，as if(though)引導(dǎo)的從句也需使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來(lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：
(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.
(2)She loves the children as if they were hers.
5.含蓄虛擬條件句含蓄條件句是指句中沒(méi)有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來(lái)暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常用來(lái)表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：
(1)介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。
(2)連詞。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形，但也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語(yǔ)氣形式。例如：The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him這位外籍教師說(shuō)得很慢以免我們誤解。
(3)通過(guò)上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。
without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。例如：
①Without you,1 would never know him
②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it
③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .
④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.
⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.
⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!
高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
1.prefer
prefer doing to talking 喜歡做而不喜歡說(shuō)
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 這兩套衣服你喜歡哪一套?
I prerer to go to America for my fruther study. 我更愿意選擇去美國(guó)進(jìn)修學(xué)習(xí)。
Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting. 安妮更愿意我代替她去參加會(huì)議。
2. advantages and disadvantages 優(yōu)劣
3. How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他們是如何利用它的
4.flow through 流過(guò)，流經(jīng)
5.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 從高中起，我姐姐王維和我就一直夢(mèng)想做一次偉大的自行車旅行。
連詞since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，介詞since 與表示過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)連用，副詞since 后不用從句或詞語(yǔ)。
It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(從句中的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù))自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。
since then 自從那時(shí)至今 ever since 從那以后一直
6.persuade sb to do sth
= persuade sb into doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做某事
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.即使她不想去上學(xué)，他還是說(shuō)服她去。
7.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，我們終于有了機(jī)會(huì)騎自行車旅行。
8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.首先想到沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was…that/who 的用法歸納如下：
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，用連詞that或who;如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，只能用連詞that。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型應(yīng)避免使用when, where, which 等連詞。
含一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型:
① 含一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?
② 特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式為：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分?
9.schedual for the trip 旅行計(jì)劃
10.be fond of 喜歡，喜愛(ài)
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的路線并不清楚，她堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。 (注意1：Although conj. “盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
拓展：
① although 從句多在句首， though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過(guò)”講，而although 無(wú)此用法。
② although 用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)而不用于假設(shè)，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，盡管)中不能用although。
③ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝(將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意2：insist 在這里的意思是“堅(jiān)持要求”后面的that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;如果insist 意為“強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的時(shí)候，從句可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。
例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她強(qiáng)調(diào)她沒(méi)撒謊。
另外，還可以用insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、堅(jiān)持主張，
如：She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly她老是一大早起來(lái)把收音機(jī)音量開(kāi)大。)
11.care about details 考慮細(xì)節(jié)
The only thing he cares about is money. 他在乎的就是金錢。
care for 喜歡，照料，照顧 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其實(shí)并不喜歡紅葡萄酒。
Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，誰(shuí)來(lái)照顧你的孩子?
12.give me a determined look給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神
13.change one’s mind 改變主意
14.…she seemed to be excited about it. 似乎顯得興奮
15.an interesting experience一次有趣的經(jīng)歷
16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。
Once 可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)……就……”解，連接一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.
Once printed，the book will be very popular。
17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province. 它穿過(guò)深谷時(shí)就變成了急流，流經(jīng)云南西部。
18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒緩慢地穿過(guò)低谷，流向生長(zhǎng)稻谷的平原。
19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.他太固執(zhí)，沒(méi)有一人能勸動(dòng)他做事。
20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.不論工作多難，一個(gè)堅(jiān)決的人總是努力地去完成它。
高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
分詞的概念
分詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或是狀語(yǔ)等。分詞有兩種，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞，一種是過(guò)去分詞。這兩種分詞在句子中能擔(dān)任的成分大體相同，主要是在“意思”上有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)之分。過(guò)去分詞一般有被動(dòng)和完成兩大特征。
過(guò)去分詞的定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)功能定語(yǔ)表“完成”或“被動(dòng)”
boiled water開(kāi)水 fallen leaves落葉
the risen sun升起的太陽(yáng) selected apples 精選蘋果
spoken English英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ) iced beer冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒
cooked food熟食 fried chips炸土豆條
單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞語(yǔ)之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修飾詞語(yǔ)的后面。 Hurry up，there is only a little time left.快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。
If you wish everything changed，please say so.
你如果希望改變一切，請(qǐng)說(shuō)明。
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須將分詞放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled
with many books(=which is filled with many books).
靠近窗戶，有一個(gè)裝滿書的書架。
Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought
up by me)has begun to work now.
由我?guī)Т蟮乃呐畠含F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)參加工作了。 當(dāng)“人”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.
當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí)，被深深地感動(dòng)了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法，他似乎很高興。
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混為一體。分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。 My glasses are broken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài))
My glasses were broken by my son.
我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。(動(dòng)作)
On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆蓋的。(狀態(tài))
I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.
敲門聲使我大為吃驚。(動(dòng)作)
高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4
under age 未成年，未達(dá)到規(guī)定年齡
He was rejected by the army because he was under age. 他因尚未成年而被拒絕參軍。
You shouldn’t sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age. 你不應(yīng)該把香煙賣給沒(méi)未成年的青少年。
under arrest 被捕
You are under arrest in the name of the law. 你被依法逮捕了。
He was soon put [placed] under arrest. 他不久就被逮捕了。
under attack遭受攻擊
The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory. 因?yàn)闆Q定要關(guān)閉工廠，公司受到猛烈攻擊。
under consideration 在考慮中;在研究中
The question is now under consideration. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題正在考慮中。
The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. 教育部正在研究這個(gè)方案。
under construction 在建造中
The new railway is under construction. 新鐵路正在修建當(dāng)中。
The bridge is under construction. 這座橋正在建造中。
There are two new hotels near here under construction. 附近正在興建兩家新的旅館。
under control 在控制中
They soon got the fire under control. 他們很快把火勢(shì)控制住。
It took the teacher months to bring his class under control. 這個(gè)老師花了幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間才管住了他的班級(jí)。
under copyright 享有版權(quán)
The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it. 該詩(shī)仍然享有版權(quán)，因此你必須支付引用費(fèi)。
under cover 在隱蔽處;秘密地;在信封或郵包中
Plans for the attack were made under cover. 進(jìn)攻計(jì)劃是秘密制定的。
The check came under cover in yesterday’s mail. 支票是裝在信封里和昨天的信一道寄來(lái)的。
under discussion 在討論中;在審議中
That has no relation to the matter under discussion. 那與正在討論的事無(wú)關(guān)。
That’s another topic that will come under discussion. 那是另一個(gè)要討論的問(wèn)題。
under examination 在檢查中;在審查中
The prisoner was still under examination. 囚犯仍受審。
The proposals are still under examination. 提案仍在審查中。
under fire 在炮火中;被攻擊中
We were under fire from all sides. 我們?cè)獾搅藖?lái)自四面八方的射擊。
The headmaster was under fire for not sending the boys home who stole the car. 校長(zhǎng)由于沒(méi)有開(kāi)除那幾個(gè)偷汽車的學(xué)生，受到責(zé)難。
under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi)
It’s still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it. 保證書還有效，所以廠家會(huì)給修理的。
The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 汽車還在保修期內(nèi)，所以你應(yīng)該可以免費(fèi)修理。
under oath 在法庭上宣過(guò)誓要說(shuō)實(shí)話
The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath. 那法官提醒證人他已宣誓不作偽證。
under obligation 有義務(wù);一定要
The one who did the damage in under obligation to pay for it. 造成損失的人有義務(wù)賠償。
【注】在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中通常用under an [no] obligation的形式：
You’re under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order. 沒(méi)有訂購(gòu)的貨物就無(wú)須付款。
She’s under an obligation to him because he lent her money. 因?yàn)樗彦X錯(cuò)給她了，所以她有償還他的義務(wù)。
高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
51. 定義：用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。
2. 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
3. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。
(2) 從屬連詞whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。
(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰(shuí)也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。
Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我的家。
解釋：
1. 主語(yǔ)從句能用it作形式上的主語(yǔ)。常以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有：
A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒(méi)贏這場(chǎng)比賽真意外。
C. It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說(shuō)格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)+that從句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來(lái)這無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們?cè)谀睦镩_(kāi)會(huì)毫無(wú)區(qū)別。
F. 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來(lái)很要緊嗎?
G. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!
2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的含義
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來(lái)的人將受到歡迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來(lái)將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)
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