英語-ing式的語態(tài)知識(shí)講解
-ing式的語態(tài)
大多數(shù)時(shí)候,-ing式使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式,少數(shù)時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。
(1)當(dāng)-ing式前面沒有his, him之類物主代詞或者名詞所有格作它的邏輯主語時(shí),-ing式被動(dòng)語態(tài)的邏輯主語一般就是該句的主語。
Jack avoided speaking rudely.
杰克避免講話粗魯。
(speaking的邏輯主語就是句子的主語Jack)
Having stood two hours, she wanted to sit down.
站了2個(gè)小時(shí),她想坐下了。
(Having stood的邏輯主語就是句子主語she)
She sat on the sofa watching TV.
她坐在沙發(fā)上看電視。
(watching TV的邏輯主語是句子的主語she)
(2)-ing式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)-ing式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),-ing式要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。
Everyone enjoys being praised.
每個(gè)人都喜歡受表揚(yáng)。
(Everyone是praised的承受者)
The man was lying on the couch being examined.
那人躺在床上接受檢查。
(The man是examined的承受者)
I found him being criticized by his father.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他正受父親的批評(píng)。
(him是criticised的承受者)
Their being awarded encourages everyone else.
他們所受的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)鼓勵(lì)著所有其他人。
(Their=Them是awarded的承受者)
注意:
當(dāng)主語是物體,謂語是need, want, require, deserve時(shí),作賓語的-ing式用主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式,因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)式稍嫌啰嗦。
The TV set needs repairing now.
這電視機(jī)需要修理了。
=The TV set needs being repaired now.
The walls wants to be whitewashing.
墻壁需要粉刷了。
= The walls wants to be whitewashed.
The food requires to be heating.
這個(gè)食品需要加熱。
= The food requires to be heated.
此外,形容詞worth后面也接-ing式的主式代替被動(dòng)式,而worthy后面則要用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài),或者of加-ing式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
This movie is worth seeing.
這電影值得看。
= This movie is worth to be seen.
This computer is worthy buying.
這臺(tái)電腦值得買。
=This computer is worthy to be bought.
= This computer is worthy of being bought
本文作者:丹丹英語(公眾號(hào):英語語法學(xué)習(xí))
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