如何解決英語(yǔ)閱讀中的插入語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象
如何解決英語(yǔ)閱讀中的插入語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象
考研英語(yǔ)得閱讀者得天下。然而如何才能“得閱讀”呢?今天,跨考教育英語(yǔ)教研室劉正峰老就此為大家做詳解。從同學(xué)們的角度來(lái)說(shuō),閱讀理解題就是根據(jù)一篇400詞左右文章,做出5個(gè)題目。從命題人的角度來(lái)說(shuō),命題人是用5個(gè)題目來(lái)檢驗(yàn)我們是否看懂了這篇400詞的文章。
如何解決英語(yǔ)閱讀中的插入語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象
那么一篇文章,如何能判斷我們是否讀懂了呢?
一、 插入語(yǔ)常以副詞(副詞短語(yǔ))、形容詞(形容詞短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等形式出現(xiàn)。
(1)常見(jiàn)的副詞及短語(yǔ): indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily,certainly 等。
(2)常見(jiàn)的形容詞及短語(yǔ): funny, needless to say (不用說(shuō)), most important of all 等。
(3)常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ): by the way, in a few words/ in sum/ in short (簡(jiǎn)而言之),in other words(換言之),in general(總體而言), in one’s opinion/judgment(按照某人的意見(jiàn)), in fact, in the first place,of course, to one’s knowledge/ surprise/ regret/ satisfaction/ mind/ joy/ disappointment等。
(4)常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ): strictly/generally/honestly/personally / exactly / physically / speaking (嚴(yán)格地/一般地/坦誠(chéng)地等)說(shuō); judging from / by …(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
(5)常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ): to be sure (無(wú)疑地), to sum up (概括地說(shuō)), to tell the truth(說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)), to be honest(說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)), to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin / start with 等。
二、插入句可以為簡(jiǎn)短的、具有完整意義的句子。
常見(jiàn)的插入句如下: sb. think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose/write, I am sure (我可以肯定地說(shuō)), that is ( to say )(也就是說(shuō)), it seems (看來(lái)是), as I see it (照我看來(lái)), what’s more, what’s worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 嚴(yán)重的是), I'm afraid (恐怕) , it is said (據(jù)說(shuō)), as we all know (眾所周知)等。
三、其前一般有逗號(hào)或破折號(hào),如:
The true enemies of science, argues Paul of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
argues Paul of Stanford University是插入語(yǔ),表示此觀(guān)點(diǎn)是Paul的,a pioneer of environmental studies是插入語(yǔ),具體說(shuō)明Paul的身份。插入語(yǔ)與其他成分通過(guò)逗號(hào)分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。這句話(huà)可以譯為環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)、斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅認(rèn)為,科學(xué)真正的 敵人是那些對(duì)支持全球變暖、臭氧層損耗以及工業(yè)發(fā)展的其他后果的證據(jù)提出質(zhì)疑的人。
The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.
everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring是插入語(yǔ),具體解釋grand mediocrity,與其他成分用破折號(hào)分隔開(kāi)來(lái),我們翻譯的時(shí)候可以保留破折號(hào)。本句譯為:當(dāng)今人與人在很大程度上的平等——即面對(duì)自然淘汰法則人人 機(jī)會(huì)均等,并且連子嗣的數(shù)目都一樣——這意味著和印度土著部落的情況相比,自然選擇在印度中上層階級(jí)中已喪失了80%的作用。