托福閱讀考試當(dāng)中詞匯題占據(jù)了三分之一的題時(shí)，所以這種題型是需要考生進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)備考的。有很多同學(xué)或許就最為頭疼這一類題型了。被考到的詞匯有可能是是非常有關(guān)鍵性的，對(duì)于理解全文都有關(guān)系。這里小編能過(guò)例子為大家講解應(yīng)該如何時(shí)行托福閱讀的詞匯題的同義替換。大家一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。

實(shí)例講解托福閱讀詞匯題同義詞替換

所以今天就讓我們一起來(lái)細(xì)數(shù)一下那些在托福考試中容易錯(cuò)選或根本不知道選什么的同義詞配對(duì)。

elaborate=complex

elaborate=develop

對(duì)于這組詞匯，很多同學(xué)在初次遇見(jiàn)時(shí)，很難直接把他們進(jìn)行同義的對(duì)應(yīng)。

complex和develop的意思大家應(yīng)該還是比較明確的，但是elaborate的確切含義很多同學(xué)其實(shí)不是很清楚，即使是背過(guò)也只是腦海中有個(gè)模糊的意思，記得好像，大概，也許是指“詳細(xì)地……”這類意思。很多同學(xué)會(huì)覺(jué)得“詳細(xì)地……”和“復(fù)雜的”以及“發(fā)展”看起來(lái)并沒(méi)有什么同義的關(guān)系。

其實(shí)elaborate

作為形容詞時(shí)的意思是made or done with great care or with much detail; marked by complexity精心制作的復(fù)雜的;

作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)的意思是to give more details about something; to bring something to a more advanced or developed state詳細(xì)制定，詳盡闡述

從它的英文釋義中就不難看出它和complex以及develop的同義之處了。

respectively=in that order

Wind pollination does, of course, require a lot of pollen. Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin, respectively.

The word "respectively" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. over time

B. separately

C. in that order

D. consistently

對(duì)于這組詞匯，想必大家疑惑的是respectively這個(gè)詞。在我們記憶的中文意思中，respectively這個(gè)詞就是指“分別地”, 所以在選擇上面的詞匯題時(shí)，無(wú)數(shù)同學(xué)都會(huì)前赴后繼地掉入separately這個(gè)大坑里。

殊不知此“分別”并不是彼“分別”。

respectively意為in the order given。

【例子】

Mary and Anne were respectively 12 and 16 years old. Mary和Anne分別是12歲和16歲。(Mary12歲，Anne16歲)。

而separately意為apart from others， not joined or connected。

【例子】

He had insisted that we went separately to the club. 他堅(jiān)持我們不要一塊兒去俱樂(lè)部。

了解清楚這兩個(gè)“分別地”的意思之后，再結(jié)合文章語(yǔ)境去選擇，答案就一目了然了。

afford=provide

這是一組部分意思重復(fù)的詞匯配對(duì)，也是對(duì)熟詞僻義的考察。

afford作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)有兩層意思，第一個(gè)大家熟悉的“買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，第二個(gè)“提供”，This affords us the opportunity to ask questions about how the systems might change. 這給我們提供了就系統(tǒng)可能如何改變進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的機(jī)會(huì)。

pronounced=marked

這也是一組讓大家大跌眼鏡的同義配對(duì)，表示“發(fā)音”的pronounce加了個(gè)d怎么就變成“明顯的”了。

一方面，pronounced作為形容詞本身就有strong marked的意思，另一方面，pronounce作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)還可以指“宣稱，宣布”，根據(jù)這個(gè)意義再去體會(huì)上下文語(yǔ)境，就能感悟到這組同義配對(duì)之間的奧秘了。

Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics --- whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans --- have always shown a marked taste for portraiture.

The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) pronounced

(B) fortunate

(C) understandable

(D) mysterious

pursue=engage in

Whereas the East could pursue war and diplomacy more effectively with their enemies on the long eastern frontier, the West was exposed to the more volatile tribal Germanic peoples on a frontier that stretched along the Rhine and Danube rivers for 1,000 miles.

The word “pursue” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. expand

B. engage in

C. control

D. avoid

同學(xué)們應(yīng)該都知道pursue有“追求，繼續(xù)，追捕”的意思，然而滿懷期待地去瀏覽選項(xiàng)時(shí)，卻并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)這個(gè)意思的答案，不禁又一次因?yàn)镋TS對(duì)人生產(chǎn)生了懷疑。

其實(shí)本題考察的也是一個(gè)pursue的不常用的意思“執(zhí)行，實(shí)行”。

【例子】

The government will be free to pursue its economic policies. 政府將可不受限制地實(shí)行其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。

所以本題對(duì)應(yīng)engage in，表示“從事，實(shí)行”之意。

通過(guò)上述的分析，我們?cè)賮?lái)做幾個(gè)詞匯題的小練習(xí)，看看你還會(huì)不會(huì)中招?

1)Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled.

The word "elaborately" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) done in great detail

(B) put together carefully

(C) using many colors

(D) reinforced structurally

2)People in such places would have had at least two reasons to pursue cultivation and animal raising; they would have had access to new information, plants, and animals brought in by traders, and they would have had a need for something to trade with the people passing through.

The word “pursue” in the passage is closet in meaning to

(A) practice

(B) encourage

(C) prefer

(D) combine

3)The linsey-woolsey covering was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded.

The word "afforded" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) provided

(B) spent

(C) avoided

(D) absorbed

4)On clear still nights when the heat island is pronounced, a small thermal low-pressure area forms over the city.

The word “pronounced” in the passage is closet in meaning to

(A) examined

(B) relative

(C) strongest

(D) darkest

做完再看答案哦：AAAC

生命科學(xué)類托福閱讀官方材料　

一、植物學(xué)

1 Sample：Opportunity and Competitors

2 TPO 01：Timberline Vegetation on Mountains

3 TPO 05：Minerals and Plants

4 TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii

5 TPO 22：Spartina

6 TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants

7 TPO 32：Plant Colonization

二、動(dòng)物學(xué)

動(dòng)物特點(diǎn)

1 OG：Swimming Machines

2 OG：Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores

3 TPO 04：Deer Population of The Puget Sound

4 TPO 13：Biological Clock

5 TPO 15：A Warm-blooded Turtle

6 TPO 17-3：Symbiotic Relationship

7 TPO 32：Distribution of Tropical Bee Colonies

動(dòng)物變化

1 Sample：Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction

2 TPO 05：The Cambrian Explosion

3 TPO 08：Extinction of The Dinosaurs

4 TPO 15：Mass Extinctions

5 TPO 31-1： Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations

6 TPO 30-2： The Pace of Evolutionary Change

7 TPO 33： Extinction Episodes of the past

動(dòng)物行為

1 TPO 02：The Origins of Cetaceans

2 TPO 11：Begging by Nestlings

3 TPO 11：Orientation and Navigation

4 TPO 17：Ani mal Signals in The Rain Forest

5 TPO 30-1 Role of Play in Development

6 TPO 29-2：Competition

7 TPO 28-3：Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes

8 TPO 27-3：Predator-Prey Cycles

自然科學(xué)類托福閱讀官方材料　

一、地質(zhì)學(xué)

冰川類

1 OG：green Icebergs

2 TPO 15：Glacier Formation

3 TPO 19：Discovering The Ice Ages

地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象

1 OG：Geology and Landscape

2 TPO 01：Groundwater

3 TPO 02：Desert Formation

4 TPO 03：Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer

5 TPO 07：The Geologic History of The Mediterranean

6 TPO 12：Water in The Desert

7 TPO 20：Fossil Preservation

8 TPO 21：Geothermal Energy

9 TPO 24：Lake Water

10 TPO 28-1：Groundwater

11 TPO 27-2：The Formation of Volcanic Islands

二、天文學(xué)

火星類

1 TPO 08：Running Water On Mars

2 TPO 25：The Surface of Mars

其他行星類

1 TPO 16：Planets in Our Solar System

2 TPO 22：The Allende Met

eorite

托福閱讀文章是從哪兒來(lái)的

其實(shí)，托福閱讀題材大部分來(lái)源于美國(guó)大學(xué)的教科書(shū)，一方面希望考生熟悉美國(guó)的教育，留學(xué)以后能夠更快地適應(yīng)美國(guó)大學(xué)的課堂生活，另一方面也能讓考生了解一下美國(guó)的文化，畢竟文化的力量是非常強(qiáng)大的，一個(gè)民族的底蘊(yùn)都是透過(guò)文化傳達(dá)給大家的;另外也有一部分題材來(lái)源于出題人對(duì)相關(guān)文章的整理，使呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的文章難易度與雅思閱讀題型想匹配，并能有效去區(qū)分和測(cè)試出不同考生的英語(yǔ)水平。

托福閱讀部分的內(nèi)容涵蓋的知識(shí)層面很廣泛，從自然科學(xué)到生物科學(xué)還有一定程度的美國(guó)歷史和藝術(shù)，另外也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些社科類或者是人文類。考生如果仔細(xì)研究會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新托福閱讀考試的內(nèi)容其實(shí)就是人類的發(fā)展史，由最開(kāi)始的自然界事物的發(fā)展變化，包括地理、氣候等，慢慢演變到對(duì)生物的探究，如動(dòng)植物、微生物等。人類出現(xiàn)以后人們的生活逐漸豐富多彩，渴望探索的領(lǐng)域也在逐漸增多，這不僅是文化的積淀還涵蓋了對(duì)于歷史的回顧和探究。

實(shí)例講解托福閱讀詞匯題同義詞替換相關(guān)文章：

★ 托福閱讀如何減少錯(cuò)誤