2020年高考英語備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語作為我們的第二門語言,在高考會(huì)怎么考核考生呢?有哪些英語知識(shí)點(diǎn),下面由小編為整理有關(guān)的2020年高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)資料,供參考!
2020年高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤判
【典例】—What do you think the should do first?
—They should learn to take as well as share rights in life.
A. grown-up; responsibility B. growns-up; responsibility
C. grown-ups; responsibilities D. growns-ups; responsibilities
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生以為grown是復(fù)合名詞的中心詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該在grown后面加-s;另一方面認(rèn)為responsibility是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,從而錯(cuò)選B.其實(shí),grown-up沒有中心名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該在up后面加-s;同時(shí)根據(jù)語境可知,responsibility指義務(wù),該單詞作“義務(wù),職責(zé)”講時(shí),可作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,故正確答案選C.
復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般在中心名詞后面加-s,如:looker-on → lookers-on, son-in-law → sons-in-law;但是當(dāng)復(fù)合名詞沒有中心名詞時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式是在最后的詞后面加-s,如:grown-up → grown-ups; go-between → go-betweens.
2020年高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):名詞的格的誤用
【典例】—Look! This is .
—Very beautiful. When did she take it?
A. my mother‘s picture B. my mother in the picture
C. a picture of my mother D. a picture of my mother‘s
錯(cuò)因分析:考生可能受漢語思維的影響,錯(cuò)選A或B;也可能受英語雙重所有格的影響,錯(cuò)選D.根據(jù)語境可知,正確答案選C.
my mother‘s picture,意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片”,暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother‘s意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片中的一張”,同樣,暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother意為“我媽媽的照片(照片中是媽媽)”;my mother in the picture意為“照片中我的媽媽”,暗含“不是真實(shí)的媽媽”。
2020年高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):名詞的誤用
【典例】—Where does your sister work, Jack?
—She works in a .
A. shop of cloth B. cloth‘s shop C. shop with clothes D. clothes shop
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)名詞作定語的用法運(yùn)用不當(dāng)而錯(cuò)選B.其實(shí),clothes“服裝”只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,而單數(shù)形式“布店”應(yīng)用shop for cloth或cloth shop,因此,根據(jù)語境可知,正確答案選D.
名詞作定語時(shí)一般用其單數(shù)形式,然而,名詞parents, clothes, sports等,作定語時(shí)必須要使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外,man, woman作定語時(shí),如果中心詞是單數(shù),則用其單數(shù)形式;如果中心詞是復(fù)數(shù),則用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的應(yīng)用判斷失誤
【典例】—I find it very difficult to read novel you lent me last week.
—Yes. It‘s necessary to have good knowledge of history.
A. the;不填 B. a;不填 C. the; a D. a; a
錯(cuò)因分析:考生可能以為第一空是特指對(duì)方上周所借給“我”的小說,故應(yīng)填定冠詞;第二空后面是抽象名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,不填冠詞,于是錯(cuò)選A.然而,此處knowledge之前須用不定冠詞,have a good knowledge of意為“對(duì)……很了解”,是固定搭配,故正確答案選C.
英語中,有些抽象名詞,如knowledge, history, failure, success, help, pleasure, surprise, honour等表示抽象概念時(shí),其前面不用不定冠詞,如:with pleasure, in surprise等。但是,當(dāng)表示具體的概念時(shí),其前面須用不定冠詞,也可以用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5 對(duì)專有名詞的應(yīng)用判斷失誤
【典例】—Do you know Li Ming?
—Li Ming? Which one? I know Li Ming in our class very well. He is Lei Feng of our times.
A. 不填;不填 B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生可能以為兩個(gè)空后面的名詞都是人名,前面不用冠詞,于是錯(cuò)選A.然而,聯(lián)系語境可知,答話者至少認(rèn)識(shí)兩個(gè)李明,而特指他班上的那個(gè)李明時(shí)前面須用定冠詞;后一空的Lei Feng由of our times修飾,說明是我們時(shí)代的特征,須用定冠詞,故正確答案選D.
人名前面加定冠詞,指特定的某個(gè)人或某個(gè)人的主要特征。地名前面一般不用定冠詞,但是當(dāng)指特定某時(shí)期的地方或某地的主要特征時(shí),須用定冠詞。如:China → the China (of) today; America → the America of last century; the New York of China等。表姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面用定冠詞表示夫婦兩人或全家人,如:the Greens.
高考英語語法與知識(shí)點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)和語序
當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.
當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)
?、購木溆靡话氵^去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
?、趶木溥^去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前
③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后
?、苋绻麖木涫且粋€(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化
⑤當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
無論任何時(shí)候都為陳述語序.但也有部分口語提問例外 E.G:What's the matter?What's wrong with you?
高考英語語法與知識(shí)點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)用be +及物動(dòng)詞的.過去分詞,be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變。
完成時(shí)態(tài)have(has)done,被動(dòng)將been加中間。
一般將來shall(will)do,被動(dòng)變do為be done。
將來進(jìn)行無被動(dòng),shall(will)be doing。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),被動(dòng) have(has)been done。
現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行be doing,被動(dòng)be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律隨新主語變。
否定助后加not,疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞,直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done,雙賓多將間賓變。
復(fù)合賓語賓變主,賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。
第二句“be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變”即be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化?!扒橹笔侵盖閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞“must,may,can,shall,will”等一律隨新主語(多是主動(dòng)句中的賓語)來變化?!耙蓡栆恢弥髑啊笔钦f有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的話,應(yīng)把主語放在第一助動(dòng)詞之后或把第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。
高考英語語法與知識(shí)點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語態(tài)例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
主:We believe him.
被:He is believed by us.
一般過去時(shí):
主:He bought his children some pens.
被:Some pens were bought for his children by him.
一般將來時(shí):
主:Everyone will know the truth soon .
被:The truth will be known by everyone.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
主:Mary is making a doll.
被:A doll is being made by Mary.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí):
主:They were carrying the hurt player.
被:The hurt player was being carried by them .
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
主:He has received the letter.
被:The letter has been received by him.
過去完成時(shí):
主:They had built ten bridges.
被:Ten bridges had been built by them
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