托福寫(xiě)作重要原則:詞匯要使用準(zhǔn)確
為了幫助大家在托福寫(xiě)作中提高遣詞造句的能力,下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福寫(xiě)作重要原則:詞匯要使用準(zhǔn)確,來(lái)看看吧!
托福寫(xiě)作重要原則:詞匯要使用準(zhǔn)確
當(dāng)說(shuō)到用詞的時(shí)候,其實(shí)我們各位考友完全可以看看自己的文章里是否是如下的一些詞特別多:give, have, get, make, let,use。當(dāng)這些詞特別多的時(shí)候,在大多數(shù)情況下,你就是用詞非常不準(zhǔn)確的那一群人了。比如說(shuō)have這個(gè)詞來(lái)說(shuō),含義就非常的寬泛,既有“有”的意思,也有“使得”的意思,這樣,當(dāng)我們用到一句話(huà)之中的時(shí)候,這個(gè)含義就不會(huì)非常的確定。
當(dāng)然,只有這么說(shuō)感覺(jué)并不明顯,反過(guò)來(lái),如果在比較一下相對(duì)地道的英語(yǔ),我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),在英語(yǔ)之中,“有”這個(gè)概念,往往是用“with”或者“in”這些詞來(lái)進(jìn)行表達(dá)的,當(dāng)然由于詞性的不同,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)也往往是完全不同的。
再比如Although it is difficult to exactly predict how they will impact our life in the future, the one thing I am quite sure that they will keep improved the quality of our life in the more significant ways than the past.刨除掉語(yǔ)法的問(wèn)題,我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)the one thing I am quite sure that就顯得十分的突兀,因?yàn)镮 am quite sure是典型的口語(yǔ)化的表達(dá)方式。
不適合用在書(shū)面語(yǔ)之中因此我們就可以改為there would be a inevitable result that they will,這里面顯然inevitable這個(gè)詞,就用的十分的準(zhǔn)確,因?yàn)閕nevitable本身就表示“不可避免的”,一下就把“I am quite sure”這里的那一層“必然的”這個(gè)含義給挖掘出來(lái)了,這就是用詞的”用詞確切、得體”。
再比如說(shuō),我們平時(shí)很喜歡的“use”這個(gè)詞,這個(gè)詞本身并沒(méi)有錯(cuò),但是思考一下,我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),其實(shí)我們平時(shí)所說(shuō)的“用……”這層概念,其實(shí)想表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該是“用.A.做…..”這樣表述才比較準(zhǔn)確。但是其實(shí)在英語(yǔ)里,這里的表達(dá)方式就應(yīng)該是“A起到了_X作用”這個(gè)表達(dá)方式,因此比較好的表達(dá)方式應(yīng)該是A play a _ role in _。這樣的表達(dá)方式,才是”用詞確切、得體”。
看到這里,其實(shí)各位考友也應(yīng)該意識(shí)到了閱讀與托福滿(mǎn)分作文的巨大的聯(lián)系,只有先知道這些表達(dá)方式才能慢慢的熟悉這些表達(dá)方式,進(jìn)而試著去使用這些表達(dá)方式,以及最后熟練應(yīng)用這些表達(dá)方式。這是一個(gè)相輔相成的過(guò)程。
托福寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤解決辦法
1.結(jié)構(gòu)不平行例:I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.當(dāng)使用連詞將一系列的單詞聯(lián)接起來(lái)的時(shí)候,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用詞性相同或同一類(lèi)型的短語(yǔ)。
2.不知所云例:Many companies began using computers mouth.
3.段落過(guò)長(zhǎng),不分段主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞一致問(wèn)題She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞在數(shù)方面不一致。
4.句子別扭We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.措辭過(guò)長(zhǎng)或不清。換言之,句子顯得滑稽可笑。
5.不要使用縮寫(xiě)在正式的寫(xiě)作中不要使用縮寫(xiě)形式(can’t,don't,it's,we'll,they've等等),而應(yīng)當(dāng)使用單詞的完整形式(cannot,do not,it is,we will,they have等等)。
6.關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.不能在該句的主要主語(yǔ)和主要?jiǎng)釉~前使用連詞。
7.句子不完整Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to getsintoscollege. For example, my friend in high school.句子沒(méi)有主要主語(yǔ)或主要?jiǎng)釉~,因?yàn)槠鋵?shí)它應(yīng)是一個(gè)從句。這是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,修改的方法是將兩個(gè)句子連接起來(lái)。
8.不要使用get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and gotsintosbed. Get太不正式,意思也過(guò)于含糊,不適合用在正式的場(chǎng)合。應(yīng)將get改為一個(gè)更加具體的單詞,如become, receive, find, achieve,等等。
9.書(shū)寫(xiě)難以辨認(rèn)信息不正確I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there.傳的信息不正確,或者讓人聽(tīng)起來(lái)覺(jué)得可能不正確(如果確實(shí)是正確的,應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋為什么這樣,因?yàn)樽x者不認(rèn)為是正確的)。上述例句中,all的意思是百分之百;我們不能絕對(duì)地說(shuō)每一件新東西都是從美國(guó)誕生的。為保險(xiǎn)起見(jiàn),應(yīng)當(dāng)使用many或most。非英語(yǔ)單詞Computers are very helpful and advantageable.盡管看起來(lái)象個(gè)單詞,其實(shí)不是,至少不是個(gè)英文單詞。使用這個(gè)單詞的另一種形式。
10.介詞多余I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband.在表示這種意思時(shí)此單詞不能與介詞連用。這種情況常見(jiàn)于downtown,home,there,here等詞。這些詞語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中是副詞而非名詞,因而不能在它們前面添加介詞。
11.跑題或不相關(guān)There are many reasons to buy a car, preferably a nice car.這個(gè)意思與文章的主題無(wú)關(guān)。
托福寫(xiě)作詞匯的邏輯性整理
1.增補(bǔ)(Addition)
in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.
2.比較(Comparison)
in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as
3.對(duì)照(Contrast)
whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while
4.因果(Cause and effect)
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
5.強(qiáng)調(diào)(Emphasis)
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant
6.讓步(Concession)
although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....
7.例證(Exemplification)
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
8.總結(jié)(Conclusion)
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary
托福寫(xiě)作高分應(yīng)該怎么實(shí)行
I 準(zhǔn)確的句子表達(dá)
1. 句型分析
英語(yǔ)的句型包括以下幾種,簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句、并列句、并列復(fù)合句等。在新托福寫(xiě)作中,一般使用復(fù)合句,輔以并列句和并列復(fù)合句,當(dāng)然肯定要有簡(jiǎn)單句,做到長(zhǎng)短句相結(jié)合。下面摘抄幾個(gè)句子給大家認(rèn)識(shí)并分析一下復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。
a. Even though I usually know what I have to say, I cannot always express myself correctly in English.
這句話(huà)是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,由even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
b. This challenges me to practice my spoken English, with the result that I can complete the speaking tasks more fluently and quickly.
這句話(huà)中是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中,有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)result進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。
c. I think this is less than ideal because any differences in opinion become personal conflicts, and therefore that might jeopardize the employee’s job.
上句話(huà)是一個(gè)并列復(fù)雜句。and 連接了兩個(gè)句子,是一個(gè)并列句;because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
d. Shallow writing is indicative of weak critical-thinking skills, and such writing, which is often described as “sophomoric”, receives low mark.
這句話(huà)同樣是并列復(fù)雜句。由and連接兩個(gè)句子,成為并列句,再一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
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